Chromosomal Microarrays: Understanding Genetics of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Congenital Anomalies

Jill A. Rosenfeld; Ankita Patel

doi:10.1055/s-0036-1584306

Journal of Pediatric Genetics, Table of Contents

J Pediatr Genet 2017; 06(01): 042-050
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584306

Review Article

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Chromosomal Microarrays: Understanding Genetics of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Congenital Anomalies

Jill A. Rosenfeld

¹Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States

²Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States

,

Ankita Patel

¹Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States

²Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Chromosomal microarray (CMA) testing, used to identify DNA copy number variations (CNVs), has helped advance knowledge about genetics of human neurodevelopmental disease and congenital anomalies. It has aided in discovering new CNV syndromes and uncovering disease genes. It has discovered CNVs that are not fully penetrant and/or cause a spectrum of phenotypes, including intellectual disability, autism, schizophrenia, and dysmorphisms. Such CNVs can pose challenges to genetic counseling. They also have helped increase knowledge of genetic risk factors for neurodevelopmental disease and raised awareness of possible shared etiologies among these variable phenotypes. Advances in CMA technology allow CNV identification at increasingly finer scales, improving detection of pathogenic changes, although these sometimes are difficult to distinguish from normal population variation. This paper confronts some of the challenges uncovered by CMA testing while reviewing advances in genetics and the clinical use of this test that has replaced standard karyotyping in most genetic evaluations.

Keywords

aCGH - copy number variation - microarray - microdeletion - microduplication - molecular cytogenetics

Full Text

References

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